Planning to study in the USA but unsure whether to choose IELTS or TOEFL? Selecting the right English proficiency test is a crucial step for international students, as it impacts admissions and future opportunities. The IELTS and TOEFL are both widely accepted by US universities. However, they differ in format, scoring, and preferences among institutions.
There’s only one way to decide – Let’s gauge into the TOEFL vs. IELTS battle and figure out which suits you better, by comparing diverse aspects of the tests. Whether you’re looking for flexibility, ease of preparation, or compatibility with university requirements, this guide will help you make the right choice for your academic journey in the USA.
What is TOEFL?
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is a globally recognized English proficiency test designed for non-native English speakers who wish to study, work, or immigrate to English-speaking countries. Although TOEFL was established in 1964, the popular TOEFL iBT was established in 2005. It is administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is especially popular among students applying to universities in the USA.
Format and Structure (TOEFL iBT 2024)
The TOEFL iBT evaluates your ability to use and understand English in academic settings. It consists of the following sections:
- Reading (35 minutes): Comprehension of academic passages (3-4 passages, 10 questions each).
- Listening (36 minutes): Understanding lectures and conversations (28–39 questions, including conversations and academic discussions).
- Speaking (16 minutes): Expressing ideas effectively in spoken English (4 tasks, including independent and integrated prompts).
- Writing (30 minutes): Writing responses based on reading and listening tasks (2 tasks: Integrated writing task and Writing for academic discussion).
The total duration of the test is approximately 2 hours (shortened from the earlier format), with each section timed individually.
Scoring System
The TOEFL iBT is scored on a scale of 0 to 120, with each section contributing 0 to 30 points. TOEFL iBT Scores combines both human and automated scoring to evaluate your responses. The final score reflects your overall English proficiency level.
The TOEFL iBT is computer-based and taken in person at ETS-authorized centers. However, the TOEFL iBT Home Edition, introduced during the pandemic, can be taken at home with a live proctor. They syllabus remains the same. The TOEFL iBT’s clear structure and academic focus make it a preferred choice for students aiming to succeed in higher education abroad.
What is IELTS?
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) established in 1980, is a widely recognized English proficiency test for individuals planning to study, work, or migrate to English-speaking countries. It is managed collectively by British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia, and Cambridge Assessment English. Renowned for its reliability and global acceptance, IELTS is taken by millions of candidates every year.
Format and Structure
The IELTS exam is available in two modules:
- Academic Module: Designed for students applying to universities or professional registrations.
- General Training Module: For individuals planning to migrate or seek employment in English-speaking countries.
Both modules assess four key language skills:
- Listening: 30 minutes to complete four recorded conversations and monologues.
- Reading: 60 minutes for 3 passages (academic for the Academic Module, general content for the General Training Module).
- Writing: 60 minutes for 2 tasks (Essay and letter / report writing depending on your exam module).
- Speaking: A face-to-face interview lasting 11–14 minutes with 3 parts (introduction, task card discussion, and follow-up questions).
The total test time is approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes, excluding breaks. The Listening, Reading, and Writing sections are completed in one sitting, while the Speaking test may be scheduled on the same day or within 7 days before or after the other sections.
Scoring System
IELTS is scored on a band scale of 1 to 9, with each section receiving an individual band score. The overall band score is an average of the four section scores, rounded to the nearest half band. You get detailed score descriptors for each band level.
IELTS is highly versatile, offering candidates a choice between paper-based and computer-delivered formats, catering to a wide range of preferences. Apart from paper-based and computer-based tests, students can opt for IELTS online, a test format that allows candidates to choose where and when they take the test. Its global recognition and practical design make it a popular choice for studying, working, or settling abroad.
TOEFL vs IELTS: Key Differences
Purpose and Popularity
TOEFL is often preferred for academic purposes, especially in the USA.
TOEFL is often preferred for academic purposes, especially in the USA. However, IELTS caters to study, work, and immigration requirements globally with its academic and general training modules. The IELTS Academic test is tailored for students preparing for education, including undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral levels. While TOEFL primarily attracts academic aspirants, IELTS serves a broader audience, making it ideal for diverse goals. Both exams enjoy significant popularity, with millions of test-takers annually—IELTS recorded over 3.5 million candidates in 2018, while TOEFL serves 2.3 million aspirants each year.
Test Format and Structure
Test Format: Computer-Based vs. Paper-Based Options
IELTS offers both paper-based and computer-based test formats, catering to diverse preferences and availability. The paper-based format is specifically available in regions where computer-based testing isn’t feasible. In IELTS, the listening, reading, and writing sections are completed on the same day, while the speaking section is conducted separately. On the other hand, TOEFL is exclusively computer-based, with all sections completed on the same day. TOEFL’s format is computer-adaptive, requiring candidates to input all official answers digitally, though note-taking on scratch paper is allowed.
Choosing between the two often depends on individual comfort levels. TOEFL suits those comfortable with typing and digital formats, while IELTS is ideal for those preferring handwritten answers or paper tests. Both provide flexibility for test-takers.
Test Structure Comparison: TOEFL vs IELTS
IELTS and TOEFL both include four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking, but differ significantly in their speaking format. IELTS involves a face-to-face interview with a human examiner, allowing for real-time interaction. In contrast, TOEFL’s speaking section is fully computer-based, requiring candidates to record their responses, which are later evaluated. Some people find speaking to a real person more nerve-wracking and would prefer the TOEFL, while others find it easier and more natural to have an actual conversation with a person, rather than conversing into a microphone. Below is the comparison table for the structure of both tests.
| Section | TOEFL iBT | IELTS |
| Listening | 36 minutes. Candidates have to listen to brief lectures or classroom discussions and respond to 28 questions. | 30 minutes. Candidates listen to four recordings of fluent English speakers and answer related questions. |
| Reading | 35 minutes. Candidates would be expected to read passages and answer 20 questions based on them. | 60 minutes. This section includes three long reading passages, followed by comprehension questions. |
| Speaking | 16 minutes. Test takers would be required to discuss familiar topics and material they’ve read and listened to. | 11-14 minutes. A face-to-face interview with an examiner, involving general questions, a topic discussion, and a structured conversation. |
| Writing | 30 minutes. There are 2 tasks. Candidates read a passage, listen to a recording and type a response supporting an opinion and academic discussion. | 60 minutes. Candidates complete two tasks—an essay and either an report or a letter. |
Test Content and Question Types
One significant distinction between IELTS and TOEFL is their focus on content. TOEFL focuses exclusively on academic English. It assesses the test-taker’s ability to understand and use language in a university setting. The test content is drawn from academic materials like lectures, research papers, and discussions. On the other hand, IELTS assesses both General English skills needed for everyday interactions and Academic English with its two test modules.
The question types in IELTS and TOEFL are also different. In IELTS, many questions require you to write your own answers, whereas TOEFL provides answer choices, with most questions being multiple-choice. If you prefer having multiple-choice questions or selecting answers from provided options, TOEFL may feel more straightforward. On the other hand, IELTS allows for varied responses, which may suit those comfortable with subjective answers.
Scoring System
IELTS uses a 0-9 band score system, with each band representing a specific level of English proficiency, 1 being the lowest and 9 the highest. Test-takers receive individual band scores which are then averaged for an overall score. TOEFL, on the other hand, operates on a 0-120 scale, with each section graded out of 30. The number of correct answers in each section are then converted into a scaled score. The total score reflects the combined performance across all sections. These differing scales are not directly comparable, so it’s essential to check your chosen institution’s requirements before deciding which test to take.
IELTS relies on certified markers and examiners to grade exams, while TOEFL uses a combination of AI and certified human raters, depending on the section. The human grading in IELTS is often seen as more personal, while TOEFL’s AI-driven evaluation is appreciated for its impartiality and precision.
Test Duration and Difficulty Level
The IELTS test lasts approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes where 3 sections are completed in one sitting, while the Speaking section,may be conducted on a different day. On the other hand, the TOEFL iBT takes 2 hours to complete where all the sections are completed on the same day without breaks between sections. These variations in test durations provide candidates with insights into the time commitment required for each examination format.
The difficulty of each test largely depends on individual preferences and strengths. TOEFL is often considered more challenging due to its academic focus, complex reading passages, and long listening sections with varied accents. It also requires test-takers to type essays, which may be a drawback for those less comfortable with keyboards.
IELTS, by contrast, offers both academic and general communication scenarios, and its face-to-face Speaking section can feel more interactive and natural for some. But it can be challenging for some. Some people prefer multiple-choice questions in TOEFL while certain candidates are comfortable with diverse formats in IELTS.
Acceptance in the USA
Both tests are widely recognized, but TOEFL is particularly popular among US universities. More than 12,500 universities and institutions across 160 nations, recognize TOEFL results. IELTS is accepted by more than 12,000 organizations – including universities, companies, government organizations and migration agencies – across more than 140 countries. More than 3,400 institutions in the U.S. accept IELTS, according to its website. It’s important to research which exam is preferred by your chosen institutions before registering for a test. Some universities may accept both exams, while others may only accept one.
Which Test is More Suitable for You?
The best way to determine which exam is better for you is to do your research and consider your personal preferences and circumstances. Here are certain factors to consider:
- English Proficiency Level: If you are confident with academic vocabulary and complex reading passages, TOEFL might be a better fit. However, IELTS offers a more varied format, which can be easier for those who prefer shorter and diverse question types.
- Test-Taking Skills: TOEFL is fully computer-based, requiring strong typing skills and familiarity with digital interfaces. IELTS, with its paper-based option, might suit those who prefer writing by hand.
- Preferred Format: TOEFL’s computer-only format ensures consistency, while IELTS offers flexibility with both computer-based and paper-based formats.
- University Requirements: Research the specific requirements of your chosen institutions. Some universities might prefer TOEFL, while others accept IELTS or both.
- Personal Preferences: Decide based on your comfort with American English (TOEFL) or British English (IELTS) in terms of accents, vocabulary, and overall test format.
Ultimately, understanding your strengths and matching them with the test’s structure and requirements will help you make the best choice.
Preparation Tips for Both Tests
Even if you speak decent English, don’t assume you can skip preparation for TOEFL or IELTS. The test is confusing enough that even the best English speakers should take a practice test. Practice tests are invaluable for familiarizing yourself with the test format, layout, and rules. TOEFL iBT Official Guide and IELTS Official Practice Materials, offers free and paid options, including mock tests, section-specific exercises, courses, and customizable study plans.
In addition to official resources, platforms like Magoosh, Kaplan, and the edX MOOC (in partnership with ETS) provide structured courses to hone your skills. Beyond formal preparation, immerse yourself in English by watching documentaries without subtitles, reading books, or engaging in conversations with native speakers. This not only boosts your vocabulary but also enhances your confidence. The key to success is a balanced approach—leveraging a mix of practice tests, study materials, and real-world exposure.
Conclusion
Choosing between IELTS and TOEFL is a significant decision for anyone planning to study, work, or migrate abroad. While both tests assess English proficiency effectively, your choice should align with your personal strengths, test preferences, and the requirements of your chosen university or institution. If you’ve already selected which exam to take, then start focusing on your IELTS preparation or TOEFL preparation.
If not, the detailed analysis presented here should guide you in understanding the differences in test structure, content, scoring systems, and acceptance criteria. Whichever test you choose, with thorough preparation and the right strategy, you can confidently excel in either exam and take the next step toward achieving your goals.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is TOEFL Better or IELTS for the USA?
Ans: TOEFL is often considered more suitable for the USA as it is specifically designed for academic purposes and widely accepted by over 12,500 universities and institutions globally, including nearly all in the USA. Many US universities prefer TOEFL because it aligns closely with American academic settings and language use. However, IELTS is also accepted by over 3,400 institutions in the USA, making it a viable option, especially for those comfortable with British English or seeking flexibility in test formats. Your choice should depend on the specific requirements of your target institution and your personal preferences.
2. Is TOEFL Harder Than IELTS?
Ans: Whether TOEFL is harder than IELTS depends on individual strengths and test-taking skills. TOEFL leans toward academic English and requires strong typing skills due to its computer-based format, with multiple-choice questions being the most common. IELTS, on the other hand, includes academic and general training options, with its speaking section conducted as a face-to-face interview, which some may find easier. TOEFL’s longer duration and academic focus may feel challenging for some, while IELTS’s diverse question types and subjective evaluation might seem less straightforward to others.
3. Does Harvard Prefer IELTS or TOEFL?
Ans: Harvard University accepts both IELTS and TOEFL as proof of English proficiency. While there is no outright preference, TOEFL scores are more commonly submitted due to its alignment with American academic standards. Applicants should carefully review Harvard’s English proficiency requirements and aim for competitive scores in either test.
